The Dog Days Essay Example for Free

The Dog Days Essay Jasper Jones is an Australian epic composed by Craig Silvey, from the initial line Craig Silvey puts the peruser directly in the activity. Jasper Jones is written in the principal individual from Charlie Bucktin’s perspective, he is a high school kid living in a nation town called Corrigan. The epic beginnings when Jasper Jones pays Charlie a startling visit in the night. What's more, the novel recounts to the narrative of how Charlie’s life changes from that second on. Charlie’s memory of occasions is shared truly, making the story both unmistakable and amusing. The textual style front of Jasper Jones The epic was short recorded for the Miles Franklin grant in 2010. Jasper Jones is a page turner a ‘whodunit’. Craig Silvey has made a firmly created novel and Jasper’s appearance hints the start of the hero’s venture for Charlie. From the initial page Charlie and the peruser need to know why, Jasper has gone to his room in the night? The activity of the story begins right away. Charlie is an adolescent who has never slipped away from home, the way that Jasper has sort him out is both exciting and unpropitious. Jasper inquires as to whether he is prepared! â€Å"What? Prepared for what? † Jasper doesn’t give any subtleties, â€Å"I tole you. I need your assistance, Come on. † Craig Silvey by means of his characters, brings up connecting with story issues to keep the peruser included. Charlie is clashed, he discloses to us he is energized at this point apprehensive, this inward clash likewise adds to the show of the principal section, as we additionally get a feeling of who these characters are. The scene is set in the main part, Charlie is finishing Jasper the town, and like Charlie the peruser has no clue about where they are going. Charlie depicts where they are, and as he might suspect the peruser is acquainted with the key characters in the town. Everything about in the initial section is paid off either in the main part or before the finish of the novel. We find out about Charlie’s dreams and about the social money of the little disapproved of Australian town, called Corrigan. Charlie’s considerations give us significant back story. For instance they stop out the front of Mad Jack Lionel’s place, which Charlie trusts isn't their goal. The peruser finds out about the neighborhood urban legend encompassing Mad Jack Lionel. Furthermore, how to bring your economic wellbeing up in town-by taking peaches from Mad Jack’s tree. This back story assists set with increasing the story topics; of truth, fearlessness and transitioning. Jasper Jones, investigates dynamic connections of adoration, companionship, dedication and misuse. The characters are solid with a breathtaking commaraderie among Jeffery and Charlie. It is certainly justified regardless of a look, it’s for youthful grown-ups as well as for grown-ups who love perusing a book that you can’t put down.

Bee Season by Myla Goldberg Free Essays

The tale entitled â€Å" Bee Season,† which is composed by an extraordinary American Novelist and Musician named Myla Goldberg recounts about the significant story of little youngster whose expectation is driven by her admirations of vanquishing the national spelling honey bee challenge and her excursion of confronting the fallout of her accomplishment. Essentially, the account of this novel is bound inside the cutoff points and story of a family, which handles the expansive range and the different essences of household issues and troubles among the relatives. Concerning this novel, the irreconcilable situation inside the family is viewed as one of the fundamental angles in the story, which directs the advancement of the novel’s account. We will compose a custom article test on Honey bee Season by Myla Goldberg or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now All the more in this way, the familiarity with rehearsing individual self-sufficiency, singular want and contrasts in the family are of the most signifant highlights of the novel. Then again, this novel likewise illuminates the story with respect to how and why the youthful ones are influenced by the different troubles and negatives parts of life. Accordingly, through the portrayal of Eliza Naumann, one of the primary characters in the novel, the creator, Myla Goldberg, gives an away from concerning how the more youthful individuals from the family would lose their blamelessness and dirty their young percpetions as they gradually saw and face the unforgiving realty of life. In general, this novel recounts about the narrative of Saul Naumann who â€Å"spends the primary part of his life as Sal Newman, child of Henry and Lisa Newman, decorator of Christmas trees and Easter eggs† (Goldberg 2000, p. 110). Eliza Naumann, a seven-year-old young lady the sole individual from a talented family who stays to be named a normal individual it could be said that she is less lucky regarding scholastic accomplishments. She is a lot of not the same as that of her sibling and her folks. â€Å"Since being assigned three years prior as an understudy from whom extraordinary things ought not be expected† Eliza Naumann, for a specific time, is considered as a fair in her family as well as in the academe, according to the definition and perspective of her instructors and guides (Goldberg 2000, p. 101). With this condition, as an understudy and the most youthful in the family, Eliza has carried on with her existence without the positive direction and backing of her folks and of different individuals from the family. In this manner, for nearly the whole range of her reality, Eliza doesn't know and is denied of knowing the exercises of her folks and siblings. A long way from the familiarity with Eliza, most of her family is a rehearsing an exacting strict lifestyle. Her dad, Saul, fills in as a cantor in the nearby House of Prayer in their locale and her mom, Miriam, functions as a neighborhood attorney, while her sibling is a productive and skilled understudy who peruses and recounts Hebrew through the concentrated direction of their dad. Despite the fact that it appears to be satisfactory that Eliza Naumann acknowledges and comprehends her essential remain as unremarkable and less significant status in the family, she despite everything has an extraordinary blessing that would adjust the seat she involves in the family. Luckily, Eliza has found her uncommon blessing in spelling as she won in the class and school spelling honey bee challenge, which has served to be the beginning of something new in her life. This occurrence and the arrangement of occasions in the life of Eliza have carried her to another begginng, as she gradually pulled in the consideration of her folks. â€Å"When Eliza considers, it resembles finding her own anatomy† and it is no uncertainty that she has this sort of expertise and blessing, as she is a result of a balanced and talented family. From that point forward on, Eliza’s life has never been the equivalent any longer. From a fair circumstance with a less signifcance in the family, Eliza’s accomplishment in the spelling honey bee has accumulated the regard and backing of her dad, Saul, who chose to show her and urged her to consider crafted by religoius essayists. It could be said, it tends to be said that through the achievement, which Eliza Naumann has assembled in winning all the fundamental spelling honey bee that she partook, she has lost her guiltlessness as a common little youngster that has a place with a settled and legitimate family. As her prosperity realized a concentrated regard for her family, Eliza’s father has presented her the strict lifestyle and conviction that he has for the greater part of his life. In this way, these progressions have modified the youthful observation and presence of Eliza, as she has gotten increasingly situated and mindful of various way of thinking and convictions with the assistance of her father’s support. All the more in this way, through the certainty and acknowledgment that she got from winning the spelling honey bee in her school and in their locale division, Eliza is progressively equipped for doing and learning different things that would additionally upgrade her mindfulness and information as a person, which has prepared for her to lose her guiltlessness. Finally, seeing and confronting the brutal realirty of life and issues of their family, more particularly with her mom winding up in the mental medical clinic because of craziness, Eliza’s honesty as a little youngster has been jeopradized and relinquished, which at long last, gave her the motivation to relinquish her guiltlessness and do what she believe is correct and rehearses self-sufficiency. At long last, however Saul â€Å"would like to think he has maintained his separation in control to shield his little girl from his unfulfilled hopes† (Goldberg, 2000, p. 161). His longing in forming his youngsters as per his convictions and reasoning has still influenced the guiltless psyche and view of Eliza Naumann, as found in the last pasrt of the novel when she conciously mispelled a words in their group spelling honey bee (Goldberg, 2000). Reference Goldberg, M. (2000). Honey bee Season. New York: Anchor Books. Step by step instructions to refer to Bee Season by Myla Goldberg, Papers

100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections

100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections 100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections 100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections By Mark Nichol They regularly appear to be unsavory, as grim idlers lingering in an open lane, yet they really do a great deal of difficult work and are normally persnickety about the errands to which they are put. They are additions one class of them, in any case: those lacking etymological beginnings however stuffed with significance. In any case, how would you realize how to recognize comparative ones or spell them, so far as that is concerned? Here’s a fragmented stock of interpositions (excluding varieties of genuine words, for example, definitely for yes or onomatopoeic echoes of remotely created seems as though blast): Ack conveys appall or excusal. Ok can mean positive feelings like help or joy (for the most part, articulated with a long a). Aha signals triumph or shock, or maybe mocking. Ahem is utilized to pick up consideration. Argh, frequently drawn out with extra h’s, is about disappointment. Aw can be cavalier or characteristic of frustration, or, when drawn out, expressive of compassion or veneration. Affirmative means understanding. Bah is cavalier. Blah conveys weariness or frustration. Blech (or bleah or bleh) suggests queasiness. Boo is an outcry to incite trepidation. Boo-hoo is imitative of crying and is mocking. Boo-ya (with a few spelling variations) is a cry of triumph. Bwah-hah-hah (differently spelled, including mwah-hah-hah) jokingly emulates the cliché archvillain’s triumphant chuckle. D’oh is the spelling for the murmuring going with Homer Simpson’s trademark head-slapping self-misuse. Duh mocks somebody who appears to be thick. Eek shows an upsetting amazement. Eh, with a question mark, is a solicitation for redundancy or affirmation of what was simply said; without, it is pretentious. Er (at times erm) plays for time. Ew signifies nauseate, increased by the expansion of at least one e’s and additionally w’s. Feh (and its cousin meh) means that feeling disappointed or baffled. Gak is a statement of disturb or dislike. Ha communicates euphoria or shock, or maybe triumph. Ha-ha (with conceivable increasing) conveys chuckling or scorn. Hamana-hamana, differently spelled, and copied varying, infers dumbfounded shame. Tough har-har, or har-har rehashed varying, conveys mock delight. Hee-hee is a fiendish snicker, while its variations heh and heh-heh, (etc) can have a progressively scornful undertone. Hello can communicate shock or jubilee, or can be utilized to demand redundancy or call for consideration. Hist flags the longing for quietness. Hm, stretched out varying, proposes interest, disarray, horror, or distrust. Hmph (additionally hrmph or humph) shows dismay or resentment. Ho-ho is expressive of jollity, or (alongside its variation goodness ho) can show triumph of disclosure. Ho-murmur signals apathy or weariness. Hubba-hubba is what might be compared to a sneer. Huh (or hunh) is an indication of skepticism, disarray, or shock, or, with a question mark, is a solicitation for redundancy. Hup, from the sound-off a military rhythm serenade, signals starting an applying task. Hurrah (likewise hoorah, yahoo, and yippee, and even huzzah) is an outcry of triumph or joy. Yuck signals appall. Lah-de-dah signifies lack of concern or excusal, or scorn about claim. Mm-gee, differently spelled, is an agreed or authenticating reaction. Mmm, reached out varying, passes on acceptable or substantial delight. Mwah is reminiscent of a kiss, regularly inferring unctuous or overstated friendship. Neener-neener, regularly articulated in a progression of three reiterations, is an insult. Presently (regularly rehashed â€Å"Now, now†) is articulated as a reprobation. Goodness is among the most flexible of contributions. Use it to show understanding or affirmation (or, with a question mark, a solicitation for confirmation), to introduce direct location (â€Å"Oh, sir!†), as an indication of estimate or model (â€Å"Oh, around three days†), or to communicate feeling or fills in as a reaction to an agony or joy. (Ooh is a variation helpful for the last two purposes.) Goodness gracious (or options in which goodness is trailed by different words) is an admonition reaction to something that will have negative repercussions. Olã ©, with a highlight mark over the e, is acquired from Spanish and is a vocal thrive to praise a deft or dexterous move. Ooh, with o’s rehashed varying, passes on intrigue or deference, or, on the other hand, scorn. Ooh-la-la is a reaction to an endeavor to intrigue or delicately derides claim or luxury. Oh no (and the facetious little variety oopsie or whoops and the variation challenges) points out a mistake or flaw. Ouch (or ow, reached out varying) signals torment or is a reaction to an unforgiving word or activity. Oy, some portion of Yiddish articulations, for example, oy gevalt (proportional to â€Å"Uh-oh†), is a regret of dissatisfaction, concern, or self centeredness. Pff, reached out varying, communicates disillusionment, scorn, or irritation. Pfft, or phfft, imparts sudden closure or flight or is a cynical excusal much the same as pff. Phew, or seat, imparts disturb, weariness, or help. (Phooey, additionally spelled pfui, is a sign for appall, as well, and can indicate excusal also. PU and P.U. are additionally variations.) Poof is imitative of an unexpected vanishing, as though by enchantment. Pooh is a disdainful outcry. Pshaw indicates mistrust, objection, or disturbance or, then again, imparts witty hesitance. Psst calls for calm. Rah, maybe rehashed, signals triumph. Shh (reached out as important) is a basic for quietness. Sister blast bah is an obsolete empowering cry, well on the way to be utilized jokingly now. Tchah conveys disturbance. Oh dear and its considerably snootier variation tut-tut are judgments or scoldings; the related sound tch is the teeth-and-tongue snap of objection. Ugh is a shout of disturb. Uh is an outflow of wariness or a deferring strategy. Uh-huh demonstrates attestation or understanding. Oh goodness signals concern or disappointment. Uh-uh is the sound of refutation or refusal. Um is a placeholder for a respite yet in addition indicates doubt. Va-boom is a good old shout meaning profound respect of physical appeal. Whee is a shout of fervor or pleasure. Whew is a variation of phew yet can likewise communicate surprise. Hold up is a call to stop or a shout of shock or help. Challenge de-doo and its numerous variations pass on deriding response to something intended to dazzle. Charm and charm hoo (and varieties like hurray, yee-haw, and hooray) show fervor. (Woot, additionally spelled w00t among an online in-swarm, is a presumably vaporous variation.) Wow communicates shock. Yahoo is a celebratory outcry. (Not to be mistaken for better believe it, a variation of yes.) Yowser is a statement of dread or concern, regularly utilized playfully. Yo-ho-ho is the customary pirates’ hold back. Yoo-hoo stands out. Yow, or yowza, is a shout of shock or passes on being intrigued. Yuck (likewise spelled yech or yecch) signals appall. (Not to be mistaken for yuk, a chuckle.) Yum, or yummy, is a reaction to the flavor of something tasty and, by augmentation, seeing an appealing individual. Zoinks is an outflow of shock or wonder promoted by the animation character Shaggy, of Scooby Doo acclaim. Zowie, frequently in blend following wowie, a variation of stunning, communicates esteem or awe. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Definitely use the or a15 Great Word GamesWhat the hell are learnings?

Studying Some Sample Soros Application Essay - How To Use The Essay to Make A Better Impression

<h1>Studying Some Sample Soros Application Essay - How To Use The Essay to Make A Better Impression</h1><p>Anyone can utilize tests Soros application exposition to adequately establish a superior connection. Regardless of how well you think you know the topic, you can generally improve your paper with some idea and more practice.</p><p></p><p>When you first glance at the prospectus, you'll notice that it just presents the rudiments for each understudy, so it tends to be baffling to contemplate the particular topic and discover that you have not thought of the specific topic. Since you don't have a lot of time, you'll need to toss all other data aside. Notwithstanding, rather than this, you should consider the fundamental reason for the examination essay.</p><p></p><p>The principle subject of the exposition ought to be simply the learning experience or a gathering of individuals. Much of the time, the article will offer a chance to think about one's achievements or to relate something individual about yourself or your gathering. The main motivation behind why you have to think of a particular theme is on the grounds that you will be giving explicit points to your test takers and composing the application paper as a groundwork for the test. Ensure that you won't forget about anything significant with the goal that you can appropriately prepare.</p><p></p><p>You'll need to peruse the article all the way and consider how you could take full advantage of the paper. This implies you should know the principle thought and structure of the article, so the difficult zones can be immediately distinguished. This is likewise a decent an ideal opportunity to incorporate any subtleties and data you may have ignored when composing the essay.</p><p></p><p>Reading the paper totally from start to finish and understanding everything is significant for the following sta ge. There are bunches of things that you have to think about the test itself, yet for the present, you'll have to survey the exposition and figure out what is deficient in the article. On the off chance that you need more data to give a legitimate perusing and seeing, at that point you can invest some additional energy to look into data and audit it. While it will take you longer to finish, it will assist you with concentrating on zones of the paper that you have to do to improve an impression.</p><p></p><p>Now that you've wrapped up the exposition, you'll need to investigate the test. This is the best an ideal opportunity to make proposals on what changes or upgrades you could make to your example. Regardless of whether the blueprint appears as though it works superbly of covering the entirety of the focuses on the test, you'll need to roll out certain improvements dependent on your own understanding or what you realized during the perusing process.</p> ;<p></p><p>A part of understudies who don't comprehend the examples Soros application paper are just exhausted or scared by perusing excessively. To establish a superior connection and make things simpler, you ought to invest only some additional energy considering the example Soros exposition to guarantee that you are set up for the test.</p>

Essay Is Strongest Or Its Weakest?

<h1>Essay Is Strongest Or It's Weakest?</h1><p>In request to recognize what paper is most grounded or is it best, you must have the option to know where the nature of composing is set in your capacity to get yourself out of a squeeze. Some compose what they can compose thus will they. Others, be that as it may, are better at having an idea to identify with what they've composed. Realizing how to figure out which is paper is most grounded will have you arranged for the circumstance you may encounter.</p><p></p><p>What you compose will normally shift. At times your relationship with your data is the thing that chooses if you are going to discover your quality or shortcoming thus will your motivation. Others are increasingly agreeable not to get excessively near writing so as to keep the point of view you need. The central matter of which is exposition is most grounded isn't to put together your choice exclusively with respect to individual pref erence.</p><p></p><p>Keep at the top of the priority list you will need to do what is best for you and what you have to do is accept circumstances for what they are and settle on your choices on the best way to move toward the task. The one thing to note is that in case you're not happy with composing, there's no motivation to attempt it. As referenced above, composing is never wrong.</p><p></p><p>One thing that is steady is it is highly unlikely to be certain that paper is most grounded. Notwithstanding what you conclude, you will be tested in settling on the choice. It is significant for you to keep engaged as you come. All things considered, there will be different inquiries you will need to pose to that make them bear on your thinking also. Remember that in case you will compose as you have to, you will be compelled to think and react quickly and you will consider your to be as being stronger.</p><p></p><p>F or the person who is unsure about what is exposition is most grounded, it can assist with recollecting one thing you gained from your past school work. When you think of an answer, at that point you'll have the option to proceed onward to the following one. It might be that the quality of which is paper is most grounded is something that would stand apart from the rest in your life.</p><p></p><p>The one who composes should ensure that whatever they are composing is true. Be straightforward in every aspect of your composition. You will have an entirely different arrangement of aptitudes to create. Each and every piece you can consider to improve your composing abilities can signify a decent result. Composing is an ability that can be sharpened and perfected.</p><p></p><p>Writing is something you can appreciate doing. It's an extraordinary method to communicate in an alternate manner and that must be beneficial for you. In case you will compose, ensure you pay attention to it and remember everything and what's exposition is most grounded will go far towards ensuring you take advantage of your writing.</p>

SAT Essay Sample - What You Need to Know

<h1>SAT Essay Sample - What You Need to Know</h1><p>The SAT Essay test paper group is generally utilized by top contender to rehearse their abilities and become familiar with the SAT Essay question. Since the SAT Essay course is a test, each year new, refreshed and reconsidered material is made. Actually, it is something that all schools consider in their applications for admission.</p><p></p><p>The same is valid with new papers. The SAT Essay area tests your capacity to think basically, break down a composed book and relate that logical deduction to the data you are given. Thus, for understudies who need to take the SAT Essay yet don't have a clue what they have to compose for the segment, here are a couple of key realities to consider.</p><p></p><p>First of all, ensure you get a duplicate of your genuine duplicate of the SAT Essay test. After you take the test, you will require it to return and audit your work. The m ost ideal approach to do this is to take a private practice test that the testing administration provides.</p><p></p><p>With practice tests, you will come to locate that a great deal of things about the inquiries that were in the genuine test are not the same as the training questions. You have to study and work out what the genuine inquiries are, so you can deliver the most appropriate responses to them. The SAT Essay test doesn't have these sorts of inquiries since they don't set you up for the test.</p><p></p><p>Second, take notes during the genuine test. These are significant in light of the fact that you should have the option to reference what you have peruse and recognize designs inside it. Study notes are another extraordinary assistance, particularly on the off chance that you need to take an article survey, where you do a correlation of the responses to the passages.</p><p></p><p>Third, read the exampl e paper and afterward work out your own response to the inquiries. This is an extraordinary method to have a thought of how the genuine article addresses will be organized and go over any thoughts you may have had, before taking the real test.</p><p></p><p>So there you have it. There are four key approaches to benefit from your SAT Essay test. Investigate the example you get and see what sort of inquiries you may end up looking on the genuine exam.</p>

History Research Paper Topic - Choosing the Right Ones to Help You Write a Project

<h1>History Research Paper Topic - Choosing the Right Ones to Help You Write a Project</h1><p>You may have gotten a history look into paper subject from your history educator to compose on, however you may not be certain where to begin. Here are a few hints to assist you with picking the correct ones to help you recorded as a hard copy your own history inquire about paper. Do some exploration on the kind of history paper themes that you have to write.</p><p></p><p>What is the history inquire about paper point? This is the thing that your instructor will disclose to you when you compose a paper, or, more than likely you can ask your history educator. Realizing this data will assist you with choosing which one you need to utilize. In any case, it is additionally essential to realize the best possible subjects to use for a history examine paper.</p><p></p><p>For center school understudies, you can decide to expound on an authentic occasion. Perhaps you are keen on finding out about a particular time of history, similar to the Civil War or World War II. Regardless of whether you have just completed your venture in secondary school, it is as yet a smart thought to expound on something that you have studied.</p><p></p><p>Other points to use for your history inquire about paper themes for center school incorporate religion and occasions, governmental issues, writing, sports, and sports. It is essential to choose which one you have to use to compose your paper. Since the understudies in your school are bound to be impacted by their school's educational plan, you may need to pick a theme that you definitely know about.</p><p></p><p>For model, on the off chance that you are keen on history and you didn't concentrate much about history in school, you may pick a religion or history examine paper subject. Your instructors might have the option to assist you with choosing which one to utilize dependent on the theme that you chose. There are numerous subjects out there to browse that you can use for your history examine paper topic.</p><p></p><p>The best activity is look into on the theme and ensure that you locate the most alternatives accessible to you. Huge numbers of the top of the line points are ones that you know nothing about, and these will give you a more clear comprehension of the history that you will be writing.</p><p></p><p>Whatever history look into paper themes you choose to utilize, recollect that you should explore the subject. In the event that you need more time to do as such, request help from your history instructor. They can for the most part disclose to you to what extent it will take you to finish the venture, just as any assistance that you have to get the work done.</p>

What You Dont Know About Family Topics for an Essay

<h1> What You Don't Know About Family Topics for an Essay </h1> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About Family Topics for an Essay Before You're Left Behind</h2> <p>In this section, you will find a lot of valuable proposals about how to make an innovative exposition it is conceivable to utilize at whatever point making your own special fascinating stories and articles. There are numerous advantages and traps of the joint family that I have referenced beneath. With our redid article offer, you can be ensured to get any kind of paper help you are looking for. Practice IELTS exposition inquiries for the subject of family and children. </p> <p>When earlier conceptualizing is done, you may start drafting your article. PapersHelm audits these points to gracefully you with an edge while thinking for a pugnacious article. You must give a review of what you've watched and how you decipher it. Considering that bunches of powerful papers concern dispu table points, before composing, you should plunk down and consider what your sentiment on the subject really is. </p> <p>The criticalness of the family might be an incredible theme for your article. Like different expositions, a family paper likewise must be written in a specific organization, in an organized way. Use humor Thus, school English articles will be infectious Include a couple of maxims Just in order to plainly show your savviness. </p> <h2>Who Else Wants to Learn About Family Topics for an Essay? </h2> <p>A I truly like my family paper' can sound dubious for the absolute initial couple of moments in the event that you think about it. It is urgent to remember that each family exposition model you discover online may not be duplicated or taken. Like, by method of model, you've set out to compose dream family article, since that is the manner in which you see own family. Family foundation paper model isn't something which would compel you to endure while composing. </p> <p>Give instances of objectives that you've just reached. In the wake of pickin g the theme that you have to expound on now consider he various ways by which you can air your focuses in a manner that is legitimate and enamoring. Publicizing research points can fixate on utilizing society to sell a thing, misdirecting commercials and estimating the intensity of VIP supports. Make a rundown of techniques to determine various clashes. </p> <p>Name someone who is renowned as a result of being gutsy. Give instances of how somebody can keep a solid psyche. What kind of an individual an individual would end up being to a great extent depends on the family esteems. You may require a case of account exposition about family. </p> <p>After the activity is to make a paper about your relatives, an understudy begins questioning. Heaps of people look for help with exposition composing. During a test, you can choose a school paper theme you have secured before to have the option to score a high evaluation. On the off chance that you're searching for hel p with your paper, at that point we give a far reaching composing administration given by completely qualified scholastics in your general vicinity of study.</p> <p>Inspiration to make your own publicizing or media contentious article subjects isn't dubious to find. There are a wide range of approaches that may yield a fabulous paper. The different points might be found, for example, in the thesis abstracts global database. There are a considerable amount of attributes that organizations will need to should be in a situation to offer believed custom exposition papers, since it might be checked on in such a page. </p> <h2> The Honest to Goodness Truth on Family Topics for an Essay</h2> <p>Family is a noteworthy unit of society. Each relative will make sure about from any outside clash since it makes security for each and every relatives. Most of our family members are instructed. Separation and its ramifications for the entirety of the family members. </p> <p>Without the help of this regular family society couldn't work on the grounds that it is highly unlikely a small kid can live and adapt freely. Depict a contention which you were as of late associated with. This can fluctuate from family clashes to counsel on the most ideal approach to raise a healthy family. </p> <p>The thought of family could be a decent arrangement of remarkable things to bunches of various people. The arrangement of the Kilt Hanger is perfect for the entire Prince Charlie outfit. </p> <p>Its one of the most exceedingly awful things it is conceivable to flexibly a child with. As you see, there's a critical parcel to expound on your friends and family. With respect to me, my family is the most urgent thing on the planet. The family is without question a significant part of our life. </p> <p>You may examine our example themes to discover the thoughts of your own. Albeit, enjoyable to compose, finding a reasonable subject which may deliver huge amounts of accommodating contentions can be more troublesome than you accept. Give instances of times when you have to talk confidently. Give certain guides to back up your contention. </p> <p>There are a couple of truly cool recommendations and points. It is easy to become really excited with respect to moral subjects. You can utilize these points since they are or you're ready to shape them as per your advantage. Also, it's probably the easiest point to expound on. </p>

Customer Service Analysis of EasyJet and Ryanair Tourism

Consumerism is claimed to be a major characteristic of the modern society that stands on the infinite cycle of market relations. In the struggle for their competitive position in the market, businesses take efforts to identify and quickly satisfy needs and demands of the consumer population. In the present-day consumer-oriented society, customer service has become a critical issue of concern in terms of organisational management and leadership (Stearns, 2006). Tourism is one of the rapidly growing industries that continuingly expands the scope of services offered to the market. In its consumer-focused approach, tourism industry utilises a differentiated marketing strategy that reflects diversified market conditions. As such, tourism practices an ongoing investigation and analysis of consumer needs and expectations to develop and introduce new solutions and products aimed at ensuring positive customer experience and satisfaction with the services (Ray, 2015). In the context of the inc reased concern for ethnic identity and cultural heritage, tourism trips to historical cities and places has gained popularity in Europe. The airline industry occupies a vital segment in tourism enabling the customer transfer to the desired destination point. The airline industry’s market success depends heavily on the service quality and customer satisfaction. In this domain, carriers’ efficiency is assessed through the incidence of on-time arrivals, mishandled baggage, denied boarding cases and passenger complaints (Baker, 2013). These issues affect customer evaluation of services and satisfaction with them, which, in their turn, influence business outcomes of airline carriers, such as revenue and lost customers. In this respect, the marketing strategy in the airline industry requires the practice of a consumer-oriented marketing strategy (Keiningham et al., 2014). Comparative studies of various carriers showed that low-cost carriers are more focused on improving their customer service (Baker, 2013). In Europe, the market of low-fare carriers is represented by two major providers. Ryanair is the largest provider of low-fare airline services that champions the low-price travelling sector. EasyJet is another strong low-fare carrier, the key benefit of which is the flight convenience. These two airline service providers cover most of the low-fare market, which explains their continuing competition and struggle for customers. As a result, efforts and progress of these two providers in improving their service quality and increasing customer satisfaction rates are a frequent subject of the popular media and scholarship. For instance, the case study of Niinimaa (2011) illustrated the prevalence of positive customer attitudes towards their experiences with web search and online check-in procedures. Recent newspaper publications emphasised a general sat isfaction of Ryanair customers with their flight experiences in terms of the airline punctuality, baggage handling and passenger treatment (Independent, 2016). Finally, the carrier promotes its commitment to the customer-service excellence by releasing the latest customer-satisfaction statistics that accounts for 93% of the satisfied passengers (Ryanair, 2016). In its competition in the low-fare airline market, EasyJet has prioritised convenience of the flight, which resulted in a higher price compared to Ryanair. This marketing strategy allowed the carrier to occupy its niche in the market ensuring business profitability and development. However, in terms of customer service, EasyJet loses its competitor in terms of poorer punctuality (Niinimaa, 2011). High incidence of flight delays lowered the carrier’s position in the Skytrax rating that produces annual assessments of airline performances. In 2016, EasyJet was claimed among the worst airline service providers in the world. Interestingly, the same rating for Ryanair was not much higher, which indicated that both carriers had to review their customer service policies (Kim, 2016). At the same time, EasyJet has an advantage in imbedding technology in their operational processes to enhance interactions between customers and stakeholders (Niinimaa, 2011). Another argument for EasyJet c ustomer service concerns good education and preparation of its staff, which allows expecting the provider’s excellence and market success in the future.

Expository Essay Topics For Third Grade Students

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What You Dont Know About Philosophy Essay Topics Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

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The Numbers Can Be Mind Blowing ! Ever Since Attention...

The numbers can be mind-blowing! Ever since Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been surveyed on a national level the numbers of affected persons diagnosed with the disorder has continued to climb. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) ADHD was first surveyed, using input from parents and providers, in 1997. Not only have numbers of diagnosed patients and population percentage with the disorder shown an upward trend in growth, so have the number of available prescription medications used to treat the disorder. There is no doubt that there are other means of treating ADHD and many parents and providers may decide an anti-medication approach by utilizing improving behavioral/cognitive therapy practices and techniques. Still though, it seems that it is assumed that medication is the most popular and effective treatment method used to treat and/or maintain the symptoms of the disorder. While medications can possibly be effectiv e means to treat the disorder for both children and adults the following review focuses primarily on children and adolescent persons under the age of 18. The primary goal of this literature review is to determine the effectiveness of the prescription drugs (as a whole) that are used to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and to briefly discuss the history, statistics, and symptoms of the disorder by examining and answering the following: 1. What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity

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Using Various Essay Sources For Writing Grade EOC Essays

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Essay Writing Service - Hire a Professional Writing Service

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Buying Essay Online - 3 Tips to Buy Essay Online

Buying Essay Online - 3 Tips to Buy Essay OnlineIf you're like most high school students, you've probably spent a lot of time online looking for ways to write an essay. You may even spend a lot of time practicing and refining your own skills so that you can write a good one. If you're just about ready to head off to college and start thinking about writing papers, consider buying essay online resources in order to get started with your preparation.First, you need to know what kind of student you're going to be. If you're already a lot older than the average student who is going to take an English class, then you're probably going to have a lot more experience writing a paper. If you're a younger student who has not spent a lot of time in college yet, you might want to start out writing essays from the beginning. While it might seem intimidating, it's well worth it because you'll learn everything you need to know about writing a good paper.Second, you're going to need to figure out ho w much time you have available to spend on essay writing. If you want to be able to write an essay fast, you'll need to have time in the morning and at night when you don't have to go to class. If you find yourself spending a lot of time in the car commuting, you may want to consider renting a computer and using it to help you write an essay.Third, you need to understand that there are going to be many different types of essays that you can buy essay online. Different college classes are going to expect different things out of paper. You're going to need to be able to tell what you should be writing and what is acceptable and what isn't.Finally, you need to think about the type of essay that you want to buy essay online. There are some essay supplies that you can buy that will make it easier for you to compose your paper, but you'going to also need to know the types of things that you should avoid doing. Most of the common mistakes that people make are very easy to avoid if you know what to avoid doing.One of the most effective way to avoid making these mistakes is to use an essay journal. An essay journal is basically an outline for your paper. Every time you have an idea or a thought for your paper, simply jot it down on your journal. This is a great way to keep track of your ideas and they will help you write an essay faster.A final tip that you should always remember when you're thinking about buying essay online is to make sure that the products that you buy are going to help you write an essay. You might want to consider buying a writer's handbook instead of buying special paper. Many times a handbook will come with everything that you need to know for your paper to be perfect.Now that you know what resources you can use to buy essay online, you can move forward with confidence. If you follow these tips, you're going to be able to get your paper done quickly and without any problems. The best thing about it is that once you have finished your paper, you' ll be able to give it to your instructor or anyone else that needs to see it.

The Effects Of Hip Fractures Within Dementia Patients

What are the two most dominant health problems that elderly people are faced with today? The answer to this question can be very complex rather than simplistic. Every human body is influenced by a variety of health elements and plays a significant role in how one’s body functions on a day to day basis. Some people are more prone to be diagnosed with certain health conditions than others due to genetic factors, or some human beings are exposed to intoxications that predetermine one’s health. Shockingly, within the older generation those health problems are not the most common health issues of the elderly population. Interestingly, the two most common illnesses that the elderly face within today’s society are dementia and hip fractures. So,†¦show more content†¦Alzheimer’s disease is categorized in three different stages based on the severity of the illness. When a person is experiencing the first stage of Alzheimer’s, the individual tends to lose interest in the activities that were once highly valuable to him or her, and tends to disengage in social interactions. Most of time, the immediate family are the ones that tend to pick up on the behavioral changes, since they are constantly in contact with the individual, who is experiencing these dramatic changes. In the next stage, also known as the intermediate stage of Alzheimer’s, the behavioral changes become more conspicuous to others. The most common signs that an individual displays due to the dementia progressing within the human body consists of, the individual losing sense of direction and surroundings and cannot or has a hard time comprehending or learning new information. There is a positive correlation of the illness and time, meaning as time begins to increase, and the illness becomes more aggressive within the body. Individuals with Alzheimer’s will soon not be able to recognize familiar objects or people. At this stage, the person may also need assistance with day to day tasks such as bathing, eating, dressing, and toileting. As family members watch their loved one

Nuclear Disasters free essay sample

Nuclear Disasters and Accidents Introduction: One of the scariest things about nuclear power is when something goes wrong and an accident occurs. Radiation is released into the environment and people get hurt. Two of the most famous nuclear accidents occurred at the Three Mile Island reactor 2 in the United States and the Chernobyl reactor 4 in the former Soviet Union. In this text we will discuss these two disasters, along with correcting a few common misconceptions about nuclear accidents. The Myth of a Reactor Explosion: It is impossible for any PWR or LWR nuclear reactor to explode like an atomic bomb. This is because in order for an uncontrolled chain reaction to occur that is similar to an atom bomb, the uranium fuel must be extremely enriched, much more than the 4% 235U that is present in regular, commercial nuclear reactor fuel. So, if it cant explode, what does happen in a nuclear reactor? The answer is what is called a meltdown. When a meltdown occurs in a reactor, the reactor melts. That is, the temperature rises in the core so much that the fuel rods actually turn to liquid, like ice turns into water when heated. If the core continued to heat, the reactor would get so hot that the steel walls of the core would also melt. In a complete reactor meltdown, the extremely hot (about 2700i Celsius) molten uranium fuel rods would melt through the bottom of the reactor and actually sink about 50 feet into the earth beneath the power plant. The molten uranium would react with groundwater, producing large explosions of radioactive steam and debris that would affect nearby towns and population centers. In general a nuclear meltdown would occurr if the reactor loses its coolant. This is what occured in the two disasters that we will discuss. Without coolant, the cores temperature would rise, resulting in the meltdown scenario we explained above. You may be wondering, Why cant they just drop the control rods in the reactor if it starts to get out of control? . The answer is that they can. The problem is that, even if the control rods are completely dropped in and the nuclear chain reaction stops, the reactor is still extremely hot and will not cool down unless coolant is put back in. The residual heat and the heat produced from the decay of the fission products are enough to drive the cores temperature up even if the nuclear chain reaction stops. Three Mile Island: Outside View of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant Photo Courtesy Nuclear Regulatory Commission On an island 10 miles from Harrisburg Pennsylvania resides the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station. There are two reactors at the plant, dubbed Unit 1 and Unit 2. One of them is inoperable. Unit 2 experienced a partial reactor meltdown on March 28, 1979. A partial nuclear meltdown is when the uranium fuel rods start to liquefy, but they do not fall through the reactor floor and breach the containment systems. The accident which occurred at Unit 2 is considered to be the worst nuclear disaster in US history. Why did it happen? There are many reasons for the accident, but the two main ones are simple human error and the failure of a rather minor valve in the reactor. In the following paragraphs, we will explain how it was possible for the accident to happen and both its psychological and physical effects on the American people. The accident at TMI (Three Mile Island) began at about four in the morning with the failure of one of the valves that controlled coolant flow into the reactor. Because of this, the amount of cool water entering the reactor decreased, and the core temperature rose. When this happened, automatic computerized systems engaged, and the reactor was automatically SCRAMmed. The nuclear chain reaction then stopped. This only slowed the rate at which the core temperature was increasing, however. The temperature was still rising because of residual heat in the reactor and energy released from the decaying fission products in the fuel rods. Because the pumps removing water from the core were still active, and a valve that controlled the cool water entering the core failed, water was leaving the core, but not coming in. This reduced the amount of coolant in the core. There wasnt enough coolant in the core, so the Emergency Core Cooling System automatically turned on. This should have provided enough extra coolant to make up for the stuck valve, except that the reactor operator, thinking that enough coolant was already in the core, shut it off too early. There still wasnt enough coolant, so the cores temperature kept increasing. A valve at the top of the core automatically opened to vent some of the steam in the core. This should have helped matters by removing the hot steam, but the valve didnt close properly. Because it didnt close, steam continued to vent from the reactor, further reducing the coolant level. The reactor operators should have known the valve didnt close, but the indicator in the control room was covered by a maintenance tag attached to a nearby switch. Because the operators didnt know that the valve had failed to close, they assumed that the situation was under control, as the core temperature had stopped rising with the first venting of steam from the core. They also thought that the coolant had been replaced in the core, because they didnt know that the pump outlets were closed. A few minutes later the core temperature began to rise again, and the Emergency Core Cooling System automatically switched on. Once again, an operator de-activated it, thinking the situation was under control. In reality, it was not. Soon, because of the coolant lost through the open valve at the top of the reactor, the core temperature began to rise again. At this point the fuel rods started to collapse from the intense heat inside the core. The operators knew something was wrong, but didnt understand what it was. This was about 5 minutes after the initial valve failure. It took almost 2 hours for someone to figure out that the valve releasing steam at the top of reactor hadnt closed properly. During those 2 hours, precious coolant continued to be released from the reactor a meltdown was underway. At approximately 6AM, an operator discovered the valve at the top of the core was open and closed it. During the day hydrogen gas began to accumulate inside the reactor and caused an explosion later in the afternoon. This explosion did not damage the containment systems, however. Two days later, the core was still not under operator control. A group of nuclear experts were asked to help evaluate the situation. They figured out that a lot of hydrogen gas had accumulated at the top of the core. This gas could have exploded, like the explosion on the first day of the accident, or it could have displaced the remaining coolant in the reactor, causing a complete nuclear reactor meltdown. No one really knew what to do about the hydrogen build-up. A hydrogen recombiner was used to remove some of the hydrogen, but it was not very effective. However, hydrogen also dissolves in water, which is what the coolant was composed of. Thus, over time the hydrogen that had collected at the top of the core completely dissolved in the coolant. Two weeks later the reactor was brought to a cold shutdown and the accident was over. No one was directly injured as a result of the accident. However, some radioactive gas and water were vented to the environment around the reactor. At one point, radioactive water was released into the Susquehanna river, which is a source of drinking water for nearby communities. No one is really sure what effects these radioactive releases might have had on people living near the power plant. Chernobyl: About 80 miles (130 km) north of Kiev, in what is now the Ukraine, is located the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. At this plant the worst reactor disaster to ever occur took place on April 26, 1986. It happened largely because normal reactor operations were suspended; an experiment was to take place in the reactor. As a result, normal safety guidelines were disregarded, and the accident occurred. However, as with most accidents of this type, it was a result of many small mistakes adding up to create a catastrophe. In the following paragraphs, we will outline just how the event transpired: Early in the day, before the test, the power output of the reactor was dropped in preparation for the upcoming test. Unexpectedly, the reactors power output dropped way too much, almost to zero. Because of this drop, some control rods were removed to bring the power back up. (As you recall from the fission power text, the more control rods there are in a reactor, the more free neutrons are absorbed and the less fissioning that goes on. So, more control rods means less energy and power output. The reactors power output raised up, and all appeared to be normal. More preparation for the test began later when two pumps were switched on in the cooling system. They increased water flow out of the reactor, and thus removed heat more quickly. They also caused the water level to lower in a component of the reactor called the steam separator. Because of the low level of water in the steam separator, the operator increa sed the amount of feed water coming into it, in the hopes that the water level would rise. Also, more control rods were taken out of the reactor to raise internal reactor temperature and pressure, lso in the hopes that it would cause the water level in the steam separator to rise. The water level in the steam separator began to rise, so the operator adjusted again the flow of feed water by lowering it. This decreased the amount of heat being removed from the reactor core. Because many control rods had been removed and the amount of heat being taken from the core by the coolant had been reduced, it began to get very hot. Also, there was relatively low pressure in the core because the amount of incoming water had been decreased. Because of the heat and the low pressure, coolant inside the core began to boil to form steam. The actual test began with the closing of the turbine feed valves. This should have caused an increase in pressure in the cooling system, which in turn would have caused a decrease in steam in the core. This should have lowered the reactivity in the core. Thus, the normal next step when closing the turbine feed valves was to retract more control rods, increasing reactivity in the core. This is what the operator at Chernobyl did. The only problem was that in this case there was no increase in pressure in the cooling system because of the earlier feed water reduction. This meant that there was already a normal amount of steam in the core, even with the turbine feed valves closed. Thus, by retracting more control rods to make up for a reduction in steam that didnt happen, the operator caused too much steam to be produced in the core. With the surplus of steam, the reactors power output increased. Soon, even more steam was being produced. The operator realized there was a problem and SCRAMmed the reactor, completely disabling all fission reactions. However, it was too late. The temperature and pressure inside the reactor had already risen dramatically, and the fuel rods had begun to shatter. After the fuel rods shattered, two explosions occurred as a result of liquid uranium reacting with steam and from fuel vapor expansion (caused by the intense heat). The reactor containment was broken, and the top of the reactor lifted off. With the containment broken, outside air began to enter the reactor. In this particular Soviet reactor, graphite was used as a moderator instead of water. (water was the coolant) As air entered the core, it reacted with the graphite. Graphite is essentially just carbon, so oxygen from the air chemically combined with the carbon to form CO (carbon monoxide). Carbon monoxide is flammable and soon caught fire. The fire emitted extremely radioactive smoke into the area surrounding the reactor. Additionally, the explosion ejected a portion of the reactor fuel into the surrounding atmosphere and countryside. This fuel contained both fission products and transuranic wastes. During the days following the accident, hundreds of people worked to quell the reactor fire and the escape of radioactive materials. Liquid nitrogen was pumped into the reactor core to cool it down. Helicopters dumped neutron-absorbing materials into the exposed core to prevent it from going critical. Sand and other fire-fighting materials were also dropped into the core to help stop the graphite fire. All in all, over 5000(metric) tons of material were dropped into the core. After the fires were brought under control, construction of what is called the sarcophagus began. The word sarcophagus is usually used to describe the elaborate coffins the ancient Egyptians used to entomb their dead. In this case, the sarcophagus is a structure erected from about 300,000 metric tons of concrete that surrounds the reactor. It was designed to contain the radioactive waste inside. It has served its purpose well, but, now, ten years after the accident, several flaws have been found in it. Holes have begun to appear in the roof, allowing rainwater to accumulate inside. This water can corrode the structure, further weakening it. Also, birds and other animals have been seen making homes in the sarcophagus. If they should ingest radioactive material, they could spread it around the countryside. Additionally, with time the sarcophagus has become worn down. It is conceivable that an intense event like an earthquake, tornado, or plane crash directly on the sarcophagus could lead to its collapse. This would be catastrophic, as radioactive dust would once again rain down on the surrounding areas. Scientists and engineers are working on ways to repair or replace the structure. One of the great tragedies of the accident was that the Soviet government tried to cover it up. Clouds of fallout were traveling towards major population centers such as Minsk, and no one was warned. No one outside the Soviet Union knew about the accident until two days later, when scientists in Sweden detected massive amount of radiation being blown from the east. The effects of the disaster at Chernobyl were very widespread. The World Health Organization (WHO) found that the radiation release from the Chernobyl accident was 200 times that of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombs combined. The fallout was also far-reaching. For a time, radiation levels in a Scotland were 10,000 times the norm. 30 lives were directly lost during the accident or within a few months after it. Many of these lives were those of the workers trying to put out the graphite fire and were lost from radiation poisoning. The radiation released has also had long-term effects on the cancer incidence rate of the surrounding population. According to the Ukrainian Radiological Institute over 2500 deaths resulted from the Chernobyl incident. The WHO has found a significant increase in cancer in the surrounding area. For example, in 1986 (the year of the accident), 2 cases of childhood thyroid cancer occurred in the Gomel administrative district of the Ukraine (this is the region around the plant). In 1993 there were 42 cases, which is 21 times the rate in 1986. The rate of thyroid cancer is particularly high after the Chernobyl accident because much of the radiation was emitted in the form iodine-131, which collects in the thyroid gland, especially in young children. Other cancer incidence rates didnt seem to be affected. For example, leukemia was no more prevalent after the accident than before. What caused the accident? This is a very hard question to answer. The obvious one is operator error. The operator was not very familiar with the reactor and hadnt been trained enough. Additionally, when the accident occurred, normal safety rules were not being followed because they were running a test. For example, regulations required that at least 15 control rods always remain in the reactor. When the explosion occurred, less than 10 were present. This happened because many of the rods were removed to raise power output. This was one of the direct causes of the accident. Also, the reactor itself was not designed well and was prone to abrupt and massive power surges. Fermi I Breeder Reactor The Fermi I reactor was a breeder located at Lagoona Beach, 30 miles from Detroit. On October 5, 1966, high temperatures were measured (700 compared to normal 580? F) and radiation alarms sounded involving two fuel rod subassemblies. The reactor scrammed and there was indication of fuel melting. After a month of sweating, they tested out enough subassemblies to limit the damage to 6 subassemblies. By January 67 they had learned that 4 subassemblies were damaged with two stuck together, but it took until May to remove the assemblies. When they had checked the sodium flow earlier, they had detected a clapping noise. In August 67 they were able to lower a eriscope device into the meltdown pan and found that a piece of zirconium cladding had come loose and was blocking the sodium coolant nozzles. The zirconium cladding was part of the lining of the meltdown cone designed to direct the distribution of fuel material should a meltdown of the fuel occur. Such structures are necessary in a breeder reactor because of the possibliity of molten fuel reassembling itself in a cr itical configuration. This is not a possibility in an ordinary light water reactor because of the low level of enrichment of the uranium, but a fast breeder reactor is operated with a much higher level of enrichment. The phrase China syndrome was coined in regard to this accident as they were contemplating the possibilities should a meltdown of fuel with critical reassembly take place. The uncontrolled fission reaction could create enough heat to melt its way into the earth, and some engineer remarked it could go all the way to China. With ingenious tools designed and built for the purpose, the piece of zirconium was fished out in April of 1968. In May of 1970, the reactor was ready to resume operation, but a sodium explosion delayed it until July of 1970. In October it finally reached a level of 200 Mwatts. The total cost of the repair was about $132 million. In August of 1972 upon denial of the extension of its operating license, the shutdown process for the plant was initiated. Subject: Calendar of Nuclear Accidents and Events (Updated 21st March) Calendar of Nuclear Accidents Below is a calendar that shows the threat that humanity faces from the atom bomb and the nuclear fuel cycle. This calendar gives some examples of the everyday nuclear incidents that have occurred all over the world. It demonstrates how technological failures coupled with human error risk public health and the environment on an almost daily basis. January 1-1992: Four tons of heavy water spilt at Rajasthan nuclear power plant (India) 2-1993: Leak at Kozloduy nuclear power plant, release of radioactive steam (Bulgaria) 3-1961: Explosion in reactor Idaho Falls (USA); three people killed 4-1965: 6. 5 kg plutonium sludge released from Savannah River reprocessing plant (USA) 5-1976: Two workers killed by radioactive carbon dioxide at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 6-1981: Accident at La Hague reprocessing plant (France) 7-1974: Explosion at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) -1975: Release of radioactivity from Mihama nuclear power plant (Japan) 9-1993: Radioactive release from leaking fuel rods at Perry nuclear power plant (USA) 10-1987: Nuclear transport accident in the UK 11-1985: In Heilbronn (Germany), a Pershing-II nuclear missile catches fire, three people killed 12-1960: Technicians trying to restart a reactor at Savannah River reprocessing plant almost send it out of control (USA) 13-1964: A B-52 plane crashes with nuclear bombs on board in Maryland (USA) 14-1969: USS Enterprise, nuclear aircraft-carrier, suffers fires and explosions, killing 28 crew members 15- 6-1990: Loss of offsite power with multiple equipment failures at Dresden nuclear power plant (USA) 17-1966: A B-52 plane crashes in Spain causing plutonium contamination 18-1989: Eight workers are contaminated at Savannah River reprocessing plant (USA) 19-1992: Radioactive leak, reactor shut-down at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 20-1993: Technical failure at Paluel causes subcooling accident (France) 21-1969: Technical failure at Swiss experimental nuclear reactor causes release of radioactive water 22-1992: Technical failure in shut-down system at Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 23- 1978: Radioactive helium released from Colorado reactor (USA) 24-1978: Soviet nuclear-powered satellite Cosmos-954 crashes in Canada 25-1982: Steam generator ruptures at R. E. Ginna nuclear power plant (USA) 26-1988: Dangerous temperature rise in a nuclear reactor on board a British submarine 27-1992: Leak causes a shut-down at Darlington nuclear power plant (Canada) 28-1990: Pump failure during a shut-down at Gravelines nuclear power plant (France) 29-1961: A B-52 plane carrying nuclear bombs crashes, the bombs do not explode but three of the eight crew members are killed (USA) 30- 31 -1996: Leakage of radiation due to human error and technical failure at Dimitrovgrad nuclear research centre (Russia) February 1-1982: Release of 100 cubic metres of radioactive water from Salem nuclear power plant (USA) 2-1993: Breakdown of cooling system for two hours at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 3-1992: Failure of cooling pumps at Kozloduy nuclear power plant (Bulgaria) 4- -1986: Amber alert (indicating an emergency in one building and a threat to the rest of the plant) at Sellafield reprocessing plant, UK 6-1974: Explosion and radiation leak at Leningrad nuclear power plant, three people killed (Russia) 7- 8-1991: Release of radioactivity from Fukui nuclear power plant (Japan) 9-1991: Rupture of steam generator pipe causes release of radioactivity at Mihama nuclear power plant (Japan) 10-1992: Technical failure in pump system at Zaporozhe nuclear power plant (Ukraine) 11-1986: Release of 13 tonnes of radioactive carbon dioxide from Transfynydd nuclear power plant (UK) 12-1968: A B-52 plane with nuclear bombs on board crashes near Toronto (Canada) 13-1960: First French nuclear test 14- 5-1993: Spillage of 18,000 litres of heavy water at Darlington nuclear power plant (Canada) 16-1973: Container filled with Cobalt-60 lost in the North Sea 17-1984: Accident at Kozloduy nuclear power plant (Bulgaria) 18-1988: Report of core melt in the nuclear reactor of the Soviet Ice-Breaker Rossiya 19-1986: Three workers suffer contamination at the Sellafield reprocessing plant (UK) 20-1990: Eight employees receive radiation exposure at Point Lepreau (Canada ) 21-1976: Accident at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 22-1993: High pressure steam accident kills one worker and injures two others at Fukushima nuclear power plant (Japan) 23-1981: Accidental explosion of a Pershing-II missile in Germany 24-1972: Accident on board Soviet nuclear-powered submarine causes vessel to lose all power 25-1983: Failure of automatic shut-down at Salem nuclear power plant (USA) 26-1988: Increased levels of radioactivity at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 27-1983: Nuclear powered satellite falls into the Indian Ocean 28-1992: Software failure in the control computer at Embalse nuclear power plant (Argentina) March 1-1954: Fall-out of US nuclear weapons test Bravo contaminates the inhabitants of the Pacific island of Rongelap. 2-1994: Breakdown of cooling system at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 3-1992: Technical failure at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) 4-1977: Kozloduy nuclear power plant affected by an earthquake (Bulgaria) 5- 6-1985: Emergency cooling system out of order at the Grohnde nuclear power plant (Germany) 7- 8-1972: Radioactive water has to be pumped out of the Indian Point nuclear power plant (USA) 9-1992: Fire at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 0-1956: A B-47 plane disappears with nuclear weapons on board in the Atlantic Ocean 11-1958: A B-47 plane loses nuclear bomb in South Carolina (USA) 12-1981: Tornado washes nuclear waste from Moruroa into the lagoon (Pacific) 13-1986: US nuclear submarine runs aground and suffers damage 14-1961: A B-52 plane crashes with nuclear bombs on board in California (USA) 15-1989: Technical failure of fuel roads at Pickering nuclear power plant (Canada) 16- 17-1984: Emergency cooling system at San Onofere nuclear power plant fails (USA) 18-1987: Fire and release of radioactivity at Australian nuclear research facility 19- 20-1977: Temperature increase at Rancho Seco nuclear power plant (USA) 21-1984: Soviet nuclear submarine collides with US aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk 22-1975: Fire in reactor at Browns Ferry nuclear power plant (USA) 23- 4-1992: Incident with radiation leakage, shut-down of reactor at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) 25-1992: Technical failure at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) 26-1991: Refuelling accident at Wuergassen nuclear power plant (Germany) 27- 28-1979: Partial core meltdown at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant (USA) 29-1992: Failure of shut-down system at Ignalina nuclear power plant (Lithuania) 30- 31-1992: Automatic shut-down due to failure of pump system at Kalinin nuclear power plant (Russia) April 1-1989: Control rod failure at Gravelines nuclear power plant (France) 2-1979: Two workers suffer radioactive contamination at Tokaimura nuclear complex (Japan) 3-1960: Melting of fuel elements cause a release of radioactivity at the Test Reactor at Waltz Mills (USA) 4- 5- 6-1993: Explosion at the Tomsk-7 nuclear complex (Russia) -1992: Failure of automatic shut-down system at Novovoronezh nuc lear power plant (Russia) 8-1989: Soviet nuclear submarine Komsomolets sinks off Norway 9-1981: US-nuclear submarine George Washington crashes against a freighter ship 10-1963: US-nuclear submarine sinks with 123 crew members in the Atlantic 11-1950: A B-29 plane crashes in New Mexico, thirteen people killed. 12-1970: Soviet nuclear submarine sinks in the Atlantic 13-1979: Fire in the generator of the Baersbeck nuclear power plant (Sweden) 14-1970: Soviet nuclear submarine sinks with 52 crew members in Indian ocean 15-1983: Incident at Turkey Point nuclear power plant (USA) 16-1992: Technical failure of reactor shut-down system at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 17-1970: Incident involving a vehicle at a French nuclear test site in the South Pacific causes a plutonium spillage into the ocean. 8-1992: Technical failure during refuelling at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 19-1984: Technical failure at Sequoyah nuclear power plant causes spillage of radioactive coolant water. (USA) 20-1973: Thousands of cubic meters of radioactive waste flow out of Hanford nuclear weapons complex (USA) 21-1964: US-satellite disperses 1. 2. kg plutonium into the atmosphere. 22-1983: Reactor shut-down due to failure of fuel rods at Kursk nuclear power plant (Russia) 23-1991: Lost of offsite power cause technical failure at Vermont Yankee nuclear submarine (USA) 24- 25-1990: Flooding of building due to increase of coolant level at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 26-1986: Explosion of reactor 4 at Chernobyl nuclear power plant; the worst civilian nuclear accident to date. 27- 8-1988: Release of 5000 Curies of tritium gas from the Bruyere le Chatel military nuclear complex (France) 29-1986: US-nuclear submarine Atlanta hits the ground off Gibralta 30-1992: Breakdown of cooling system at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) May 1-1992: Technical failure at Ignalina nuclear power plant (Lithuania) 2-1979: Technical fault at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant triggers emergency shut-down (USA) 3-1974: Leakage at Hanford nuclear weapons complex (USA) 4-1986: Release of radiation from Hamm-Uentrop nuclear power plant (Germany) 5-1987: Pershing nuclear missile ends up in a ditch after a transport accident at Heilbronn (Germany) 6-1989: Fire of pump equipment at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 7-1992: Failure of emergency system at Smolensk nuclear power plant (Russia) 8-1964: First Chinese nuclear test -1992: Technical failure of cooling system at Hatch nuclear power plant (USA) 10-1965: Release of eight cubic metres of cooling water from Savannah River reprocessing plant (USA) 11-1969: Fire at Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant causes plutonium to spontaneously ignite. (USA) 12-1984: Uncontrolled power surge at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 13-1992: Tube leak causes a radioactive release of 12 Curies of radioactivity from Tarapur nuclear power station (India) 14-1986: The power lines to the Palo Verde nuclear power plant are sabota ged (USA) 15- 16-1992: Reactor shut-down at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 17-1984: Fire on board the US-nuclear submarine Guitarro 18-1968: Accident during launch of US satellite, radioactive materials fall into ocean near Califiornia coast 19- 20-1974: First Indian nuclear test 1-1968: US-nuclear submarine Scorpion sinks off the Acores, 99 people die 22-1957: Human error causes a B-36 plane to release a nuclear bomb in New Mexico 23-1958: Accident and release of radioactivity at the Chalk River experimental reactor (Canada) 24-1968: Incident on board of Soviet nuclear submarine K- 27, 5 crew members killed by radiation release 25- 26-1990: During refuelling, five cubic meters of radioactive water spilled at the Fessenheim nuclear power plant (France) 27-1993: Reactor shut-down due to breakdown of cooling system at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 28-1970: Collision of the US-nuclear submarine Daniel Boone 29- 30- 31- June -1991: Failure of core cooling system at Belleville nuc lear power plant (France) 2-1992: Total failure of centralised control system at the Smolensk nuclear power plant (Russia) 3-1980: Computer fault causes full-scale alert for US Military Strategic Command 4-1989: Fire in the cables of the cooling pumps at the Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 5-1989: 6-1994: Fire at Beloyarsk nuclear power plant (Russia) 7-1960: Fire in a BOMARC-rocket in New Jersey causes plutonium release into the atmosphere (USA) 8-1992: Failure of cooling system at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 9-1985: Malfunction in the cooling system at Davis Blesse nuclear power plant (USA) 10-1985: Collision of a British nuclear submarine off the coast of Florida (USA) 11-1989: Spent fuel element dropped in the storage pool and damaged at Kruemmel nuclear power plant (Germany) 12- 13- 14- 5-1992: Technical failure at Sizewell nuclear power plant (UK) 16-1988: Technical failure at Zorita nuclear power plant (Spain) 17-1967: First Chinese hydrogen nuclear bomb test 18 -1978: Release of two tons of radioactive steam from Brunsbuettel nuclear power plant (Germany) 19-1992: Leak in pipe conducting sea water to cooling system at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) 20-1985 Collision of two trucks carrying nuclear bombs in Scotland (UK) 21- 22- 23-1986: Twelve people receive `slight plutonium contamination while inspecting a store room at Tokaimura nuclear complex (Japan) 24-1992: Technical failure of control system at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) 25- 6-1989: Fire and reactor damage in a Soviet submarine 27-1985: Explosion and steam leakage killed 14 workers at Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 28- 29-1991: Power limited due to error between actual and indicated power at Pickering nuclear power plant(Canada). 30-1983: Total loss of coolant at Embalse nuclear power plant (Argentina) July 1-1983: Technical failure causes release of Iodine-131 from Phillipsburg nuclear power plant (Germany) 2-1966: French nuclear testing in the South Paci fic begins 3-1981: Fire at North Anna nuclear power plant (USA) 4-1961: Incident on board of Soviet nuclear submarine K- 19, radiation release kills 9 crew members 5- -1959: US plane carrying nuclear weapons crashes and catches on fire 7- 8- 9-1991: Flaw in cooling system at Wurgassen nuclear power plant (Russia) 10-1991: Leakage of radiation at Bilibino nuclear power plant (Russia) 11- 12-1993: Failure of control system at Susquehanna nuclear power plant (USA) 13- 14-1992: Reactor shut-down due to failure of cooling system at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) 15- 16-1945: First explosion of a nuclear bomb (Trinity) in New Mexico (USA) 17-1991: Reactor shut-down due to break of control system at Sendai nuclear power plant (Japan) 18-1991: Steam leakage causes reactor shut-down at Paks nuclear power plant (Hungary) 19- 0-1992: Leakage of radiation due to breakdown of cooling system at Ignalina nuclear power plant (Lithuania) 21- 22-1992: Two workers contaminated at Dampierre nuclear power plant (France) 23- 24-1989: Refuelling accident at Isar nuclear power plant (Germany) 25-1946: US nuclear test Baker causes unexpected plutonium contamination on target vessels 26-1992: Temperature rise in storage pool at Gravelines nuclear power plant (France) 27-1956: US plane crashes into nuclear ammunition storage in the UK 28-1957: US plane loses two nuclear bombs in the Atlantic 29- 30-1986: Human error causes the nuclear warhead to be knocked off a Pershing rocket (Germany) 31-1993: Refuelling machine malfunctions at the Wylfa nuclear power plant (UK) August -1983: An engineer receives a fatal radiation dose at a research reactor in Argentina 2-1987: Elevated radiation level after Soviet nuclear test 3-1983: Argentinean engineer dies from radiation dose received two days earlier 4- 5-1950: B-29 plane with nuclear weapons on board crashes; 19 people killed (USA) 6-1945: Nuclear bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima 7- 8- 9-1945: Nuclear bomb dropped on t he Japanese city of Nagasaki 10-1985: Explosion on board a Soviet nuclear submarine 11-1988: Damage detected at Atucha nuclear power plant (Argentina) 12- 13- 14-1989: Instrumentation and control failure at Grand Gulf nuclear power plant (USA) 15-1992: 6-1991: Eight control rods show delays in emergency shut- down insertion time at Millstone Point nuclear power plant (USA) 17-1991: Automatic shut-down due to technical problems at Sendai nuclear power plant (Japan) 18-1953: First explosion of Soviet hydrogen bomb 19-1986: Flooding at the Cattenom nuclear power plant (France) 20-1974 Incident at Beznau nuclear power plant (Switzerland) 21-1980: Accident on board Soviet nuclear submarine, believed to kill at least nine crew members 22-1992: Failure of shut-down system at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) 23- 24- 25-1984: French freighter sinks in the English Channel with 375 tonnes of uraniumhexafluoride on board 26-1989: Technical failure at Ignalina nuclear power plant (Lithu ania) 27-1990: Cable fire causes loss of control of the position of control rods at Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Ukraine) 28-1992: Fire in electro-generator at St. Alban nuclear power plant (France) 29-1949: First explosion of Soviet atomic bomb 30-1985: Fire in a barrel of radioactive waste at Karlsruhe nuclear complex (Germany) 31-1985: Fire at Fukushima nuclear power plant during routine shut-down (Japan) September 1-1993: Fire at Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 2- 3-1974: Release of radioactive water at Los Alamos nuclear weapons Laboratory (USA) 4-1988: Fire at Perry nuclear power plant (USA) 5-1988: Fire at Ignalina nuclear power plant (Lithuania) 6-1991: Incident and steam leak during refueling at Barsebeck nuclear power plant (Sweden) 7- 8- 9-1989: Control rod failure at Olkiluoto nuclear power plant (Finland) 10- 1-1957: 15 kgs of plutonium catch fire at Rocky Flats nuclear weapons complex (USA) 12-1992: Leakage of radioactive water at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 13-1987: 249 people are contaminated in Brazil, due to handling discarded nuclear medical equipment, four people subsequently die 14-1991: Leakage at Kozloduy nucl ear power plant (Bulgaria) 15-1986: Fire on board a US plane carrying nuclear weapons 16-1990: Superphenix Fast Breeder Reactor is closed down due to technical failures (France) 17-1988: Nuclear weapons convoy road accident kills one person (UK) 18-1988: Technical failure at Stade nuclear power plant (Germany) 19-1984: Collision of a Soviet nuclear submarine 20-1977: US-nuclear submarine Ray hits the sea-bed, three crew members are injured 21-1989: Manual shut-down of WNP nuclear power plant (USA) 22-1980: Pump failure causes accidental release of radioactive water at La Hague reprocessing plant (France) 23-1969: Radioactive contamination of atmosphere during the unsuccessful launch of a Soviet spaceship. 24-1973: 35 workers at the Sellafield reprocessing plant are contaminated following a technical failure (UK) 25-1955: First Soviet underwater nuclear explosion near Novaya Zemlya (Arctic Ocean) 26- 27-1974: Soviet nuclear-capable destroyer sinks in the Black Sea 28-1990: Cables for reactor control and protection system supply overheat at Bohunice nuclear power plant (Slovakia) 29-1957: Thousands of square miles contaminated by accident at the Chelyabinsk nuclear complex (Russia) 30-1990: Failure of reactor core cooling system at Palisades nuclear power plant (USA) October -1983: Technical failure and human error cause accident at Blayas nuclear power plant(France) 2-1968: Leakage at La Hague reprocessing plant (France) 3-1952: First UK nuclear test 4-1981: Release of 300-times the normal discharge level of Iodine-131 at Sellafield reprocessing plant (UK) 5-1966: Partial core meltdown at the Fermi fast breeder reactor (USA) 6-1986: Soviet nuclear submarine sinks off the coast of Bermuda 7-1984: Emergency shut-down of Paks nuclear power plant (Hungary) 8-1985: Accidental radioactive release into the sea from Hinkley Point nuclear power station (UK) 9-1991: Technical failure at Yugno-Ukrainskaya nuclear power plant (Ukraine) 10-1957: Three tonnes of uranium catch fire at the Windscale reprocessing plant (now Sellafield UK) 11-1957: US nuclear bomber crashes in Florida and catches fire 12- 13-1977: Sea water runs into the cooling circuit of Hunterston nuclear power plant (UK) 14-1953: Fall-out from British nuclear test Totem contaminates Aborigines in the Australian desert 15-1988: French officials carry out an experiment to test the effects of releasing 7000 Curies of radioactivity 16-1964: First Chinese nuclear test 7-1969: Fuel elements melt at St Laurent des Eaux nuclear power plant (France) 18-1991: Technical failure at Zapor ozhe nuclear power plant (Ukraine) 19-1991: Offsite power failure at Smolensk nuclear power plant (Russia) 20- 21-1991: Fire on board Sceptre nuclear submarine in Scotland 22-1993: Instrumentation and Control failure at Saint Alban nuclear power plant (France) 23-1989: Failure of core cooling system at Dresdan nuclear power plant (USA) 24- 25-1991: Failure of shut-down system during refuelling at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) 26-1991: Incident during refueling at Vogtle nuclear power plant (USA) 27-1991: Technical failure of shut-down system at Zaporozhe nuclear power plant (Ukraine) 28- 29-1991: Technical failure causes automatic shut-down at Kalinin nuclear power plant (Russia) 30-1991: 1-1986: US-nuclear submarine Augusta involved in collision November 1-1992: Cracks in cooling system equipment at Brunsbuttel nuclear power plant (Germany) 2-1982: Nuclear missile transporter crashes killing one person and injuring two others (Germany) 3-1990: Failure of core cooling eq uipment at Doel nuclear power plant (Belgium) 4-1970: Explosion on board a nuclear-capable US-destroyer kills two sailors 5-1967: UK nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine `HMS Repulse runs aground 30 minutes after its launch 6- 7-1967: Release of radioactivity at Grenoble nuclear power plant (France) 8- 9-1955: Core meltdown at EBR fast breeder reactor (USA) 10- 1-1988: Accident during refueling on board of Soviet nuclear powered ice-breaker Lenin 12-1993: London Convention bans the dumping of nuclear waste into the sea 13-1974: Karen Silkwood, a worker at a US nuclear plant, dies mysteriously on her way to hand important documents to a Trade Union Official and a journalist 14-1989: Breakdown of fuel rod control system at Oconee nuclear power plant (USA) 15-1989: Fire on board US-nuclear submarine Finback 16-1983: Sellafield reprocessing plant discharges highly radioactive wastes directly into the sea (UK) 17- 18-1991: Reactor shut-down due to technical failure at Balakovo nuc lear power plant (Russia) 19-1980: US nuclear-missile almost launched during a drill exercise. 20-1989: Fire in turbine equipment at Kozloduy nuclear power plant (Bulgaria) 21- 22- 3-1991: Leak of 190,000 litres of water from cooling system, reactor shut-down at Oconee nuclear power plant (USA) 24-1989: Technical failure nearly causes core meltdown at Greifswald nuclear power plant (Germany) 25-1991: Failure of cooling system causes automatic reactor shut-down at Kursk nuclear power plant (Russia) 26-1958: B-47 plane catches fire, destroying one nuclear weapon (USA) 27-1991: Disfunction of automatic shut-down system at Bilibino nuclear power plant (Russia) 28-1991: Failure of control system causes reactor shut- down at Kursk nuclear power plant (Russia) 29-1982: US nuclear submarine collides with US-destroyer 30-1975: 1. 5 million Curies released from Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) December -1991: Technical failure at Beloyarsk nuclear power plant (Russia) 2-1949: US experim ent Green Run contaminates communities up to 70 miles away from the Hanford nuclear weapons complex (USA) 3-1988: Explosion at the Burghfield Atomic Weapons Establishment (UK) 4-1990: 2 workers irradiated during refuelling at Blayais nuclear power plant (France) 5-1965: Plane crashes with nuclear bombs on board off the coast of Japan 6-1991: Failure of control system during refuelling causes reactor shut-down at Smolensk nuclear power plant (Russia) 7-1991: Failure of cooling system at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 8-1995: Fire due to leakage of sodium coolant from Monju fast breeder reactor, Japanese nuclear industry attempts to cover up full extent of accident, reactor shut-down 9-1986: Explosion at Surry nuclear power plant, four people killed (USA). 0-1991: Failure of turbo-generator causes reactor shut- down at Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 11-1991: Human error causes failure of automatic reactor shut-down equipment at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 12-1952: Worl ds first major nuclear reactor disaster, Chalk River experimental reactor (Canada) 13-1988: Four of the eight emergency installations discovered out of order at Brokdorf nuclear power plant (Germany) 14-1991: Technical failure causes automatic shut-down at Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 15-1991: Technical failure at Kalinin nuclear power plant (Russia) 16-1991: Technical failure at Kola nuclear power plant (Russia) 17-1987: Severe incident at Biblis nuclear power plant (Germany) 18-1984: Fire at Kalinin nuclear power plant (Russia) 19-1980: Plutonium transport accident in the USA 0-1990: Control element discovered damaged at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant (Russia) 21-1991: Radiation leakage at Kolskaya nuclear power plant (Russia) 22-1987: Accidental release of 50 tonnes of water from Atucha nuclear power plant (Argentina) 23-1988: Two control rods jammed at Blayais nuclear power plant (France) 24-1991: Reactor shut-down due to technical failure at Kalinin nuclear power pla nt (Russia) 25-1992: Radioactive water leakage at Beloyarsk nuclear power plant (Russia) 26- 27-1991: Automatic shut-down Balakovo nuclear power plant (Russia) 28-1990: Incident and radiation leakage at Leningrad nuclear power plant (Russia) 29- 30-1988: Reactor shut-down due to failure of control equipment at Pilgrim nuclear power plant (USA) 31-1978: Fire and loss of reactor control, 8 workers irradiated at Beloyarsk nuclear power plant (Russia) Nuclear and Chemical Accidents Though nuclear power is a good source of energy and is generally not a threat, there have been instances when security measures have failed. Nuclear meltdowns can cause dangerous radiation to escape into the surrounding environment. 1952 Dec. 12, Chalk River, nr. Ottawa, Canada: a partial meltdown of the reactors uranium fuel core resulted after the accidental removal of four control rods. Although millions of gallons of radioactive water accumulated inside the reactor, there were no injuries. 1953 Love Canal, nr. Niagara Falls, N. Y. : was destroyed by waste from chemical plants. By the 1990s, the town had been cleaned up enough for families to begin moving back to the area. 1957 Oct. 7, Windscale Pile No. 1, north of Liverpool, England: fire in a graphite-cooled reactor spewed radiation over the countryside, contaminating a 200-square-mile area. South Ural Mountains: explosion of radioactive wastes at Soviet nuclear weapons factory 12 mi from city of Kyshtym forced the evacuation of over 10,000 people from a contaminated area. No casualties were reported by Soviet officials. 1976 nr. Greifswald, East Germany: radioactive core of reactor in the Lubmin nuclear power plant nearly melted down due to the failure of safety systems during a fire. 1979 March 28, Three Mile Island, nr. Harrisburg, Pa. : one of two reactors lost its coolant, which caused overheating and partial meltdown of its uranium core. Some radioactive water and gases were released. This was the worst accident in U. S. nuclear-reactor history. 1984 Dec. , Bhopal, India: toxic gas, methyl isocyanate, seeped from Union Carbide insecticide plant, killing more than 2,000 and injuring about 150,000. 1986 April 26, Chernobyl, nr. Kiev, Ukraine: explosion and fire in the graphite core of one of four reactors released radioactive material that spread over part of the Sov iet Union, eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and later western Europe. 31 claimed dead. Total casualties are unknown. Worst such accident to date. 1987 Sept. 18, Goiania, Brazil: 244 people contaminated with cesium-137 from a cancer-therapy machine that had been sold as scrap. Four people died in worst radiation disaster in Western Hemisphere. 1999 Sept. 0, Tokaimura, Japan: uncontrolled chain reaction in a uranium-processing nuclear fuel plant spewed high levels of radioactive gas into the air, killing two workers and seriously injuring one other. 2004 Aug. 9, Mihama, Japan: nonradioactive steam leaked from a nuclear power plant, killing four workers and severely burning seven others. 2007 July 17, Kashiwazaki, Japan: radiation leaks, burst pipes, and fires at a major nuclear power plant followed a 6. 8 magnitude earthquake near Niigata. Japanese officials, frustrated at the plant operators delay in reporting the damage, closed the plant a week later until its safety could be confirmed. Further investigation revealed that the plant had unknowingly been built directly on top of an active seismic fault. 2008 February 7, Port Wentworth, Georgia: an explosion fueled by combustible sugar dust killed 13 people and injured several others at the Imperial Sugar plant near Savannah. Information Please ® Database,  © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Droughts and Heat Waves Disasters Fires and Explosions Read more: Nuclear and Chemical Accidents — Infoplease. com http://www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0001457. html#ixzz1EmtUxatg Disasters: Nuclear Accidents ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Of all the environmental disaster events that humans are capable of causing, nuclear disasters have the greatest damage potential. The radiation release associated with a nuclear disaster poses significant acute and chronic risks in the immediate environs and chronic risk over a wide geographic area. Radioactive contamination, which typically becomes airborne, is long-lived, with half-lives guaranteeing contamination for hundreds of years. Concerns over potential nuclear disasters center on nuclear reactors, typically those used to generate electric power. Other concerns involve the transport of nuclear waste and the temporary storage of spent radioactive fuel at nuclear power plants. The fear that terrorists would target a radiation source or create a dirty bomb capable of dispersing radiation over a populated area was added to these concerns following the 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D. C. Radioactive emissions of particular concern include strontium-90 and cesium-137, both having thirty-year-plus half-lives, and iodine-131, having a short half-life of eight days but known to cause thyroid cancer. In addition to being highly radioactive, cesium-137 is mistaken for potassium by living organisms. This means that it is passed on up the food chain and bioaccumulated by that process. Strontium-90 mimics the properties of calcium and is deposited in bones where it may either cause cancer or damage bone marrow cells. The Chernobyl Disaster Concern became reality at 1:23 A. M. on April 25, 1986, when the worst civil nuclear catastrophe in history occurred at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl, Soviet Union (which is now in Ukraine). More than thirty people were killed immediately. The radiation release was thirty to forty times that of the atomic bombs dropped on Japan during World War II. Hundreds of thousands of people were ultimately evacuated from the most heavily contaminated zone surrounding Chernobyl. Radiation spread to encompass almost all of Europe and Asia Minor; the world first learned of the disaster when a nuclear facility in Sweden recorded abnormal radiation levels. Chernobyl had four RBMK-type reactors. These reactors suffer from instability at low power and are susceptible to rapid, difficult-to-control power increases. The accident occurred as workers were testing reactor number four. The test was being conducted improperly; as few as six control rods were in place despite orders stating that a minimum of thirty rods were necessary to maintain control, and the reactors emergency cooling system had been shut down as part of the test. An operator error caused the reactors power to drop below specified levels, setting off a catastrophic power surge that caused fuel rods to rupture, triggering explosions that first destroyed the reactor core and then blew apart the reactors massive steel and concrete containment structure. The health impacts of the Chernobyl explosion will never be fully known. It is estimated that some three million people still live in contaminated areas and almost ten housand people still live in Chernobyl itself. The plant itself was not fully shut down until nearly fifteen years after the disaster. Studies by the Belarus Ministry of Health, located approximately eighty miles south of Chernobyl, found that rates of thyroid cancer began to soar in contaminated regions in 1990, four years after the radiation release. Gomel, Belarus, the most highly contaminated region studied, reported thirty-eight cases in 1991. Gomel normally recorded only one to two cases per year. Health officials in Turkey, 930 miles to the south, reported that leukemia rates are twelve times higher than before the Chenobyl accident. Three Mile Island The thriller China Syndrome, which warned that a nuclear power plant meltdown would blow a hole through the earth all the way to China and render an area the size of Pennsylvania permanently uninhabitable had been playing for eleven days when, at 4:00 am on March 28, 1979, Reactor #2 at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant suffered a partial meltdown. The plant was just downriver from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Film story, reality, and perception all interplayed to create near national panic. The accident occurred sequentially. A minor problem caused the temperature of the primary coolant to rise. In one second, the reactor shut down but a relief valve that was supposed to close after ten seconds remained open. Plant instrumentation showed operators that a close valve signal had been sent. There was no instrumentation to tell them the valve itself was still open. The reactors primary coolant drained away and the reactor core suffered serious damage. Fuel rods were damaged, leaking radioactive material into the cooling water and a high temperature chemical reaction created bubbles of hydrogen gas. One of these bubbles burned, creating fears that a larger hydrogen bubble would explode, possibly breaching the plants containment structure. Some gases were purposefully vented into the atmosphere. It took nearly a full month the bring the reactor into cold shutdown status. That said, there was never danger of a massive explosion and hundreds of readings taken by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources showed almost no iodine, and all readings were far below health limits. There was, however, widespread panic including a unordered mass evacuation. The greatest problem at TMI was a total failure of communication. Internal radioactivity levels, for example, were reported as ambient (outdoor) air readings. The many health studies following TMI showed no evidence of abnormal cancer rates. For eighteen years, the Pennsylvania Department of Health maintained a registry of 30,000 people who lived within five miles of TMI; it Acivil defense worker is using Geiger counter to check radiation level near a school building following the accidental radiation leak from the nearby Three Mile Island nuclear power plant. Schoolchildren are being evacuated via bus. ( ©Wally McNamee/Corbis. Reproduced by permission. ) found no evidence on unusual health trends. TMIs only health effect was psychological stress related to the accident. While there were few long-term health effects, there is no doubt that the accident at TMI permanently changed both the nuclear industry and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Public fear and distrust increased, the NRC notes in a fact sheet on TMI, Regulations and oversight became broader and more robust, and management of the plants was scrutinized more carefully. Nuclear Submarines On August 12, 2000, an explosion in a torpedo tube sank the giant Russian nuclear submarine Kursk and its crew of 118 in the Barents Sea. Russian officials described the sinking as a catastrophe that developed at lightning Two cooling towers at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. ( ©W. Cody/Corbis. Reproduced by permission. ) speed. A week later, divers opened the rear hatch of the sub but found no survivors. It took salvagers two years, but the Kursk and her two nuclear reactors was raised. The Kursk was the sixth nuclear submarine to have sunk since 1963. The others all came to rest on the oc ean floor at depths of more than 4,500 feet, far below where most marine life lives. They include two former Soviet submarines—one that sank east of Bermuda in 1986 and another that went down in the Bay of Biscay in 1970—and two U. S. nuclear submarines—the U. S. S. Thresher and U. S. S. Scorpion —which sank in the 1960s at the height of the Cold War. U. S. Navy officials report there is little likelihood of radioactive release from the U. S. ships. Reactor fuel elements in American submarines are made of materials that are extremely corrosion resistant, even in sea water. The protective cladding on the fuel elements corrodes only a few millionths of an inch per year, meaning the reactor core could remain submerged in sea water for centuries without releases of fission products while the radioactivity decays. Comprehensive deep ocean radiological monitoring operations were conducted at the Thresher site in 1965, 1977, 1983, and again in 1986. None of the samples obtained showed any evidence of release of radioactivity from the reactor fuel elements. Internet Resources Nave, C. R. Hyper Physics. Available from http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/hframe. html . Public Citizen. Decades of Delay: The NRCs Failure to Stockpile Potassium Iodide Protect the Public Health and Safety Available from http://www. citizen. org/cmep/energy_enviro_nuclear/nuclear_power_plants reactor_safety/articles. cfm? ID=4433 . Subnet. USS Thre sher (SSN-593). Available from http://www. subnet. com/fleet/ssn593. htm . U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Fact Sheet on the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Available from http://www. nrc. gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/fschernobyl. tml . U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Fact Sheet on the Accident at Three Mile Island. Available from http://www. nrc. gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle. h ml . Richard M. Stapleton Fears of terrorist attacks on nuclear power plants have prompted state and local health offices to distribute supplies of potassium iodide pills, known as KI, to be taken in the event of a release of radioactive materials. KI blocks the intake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid and helps prevent thyroid cancer. The pills were provided by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Read more: Disasters: Nuclear Accidents water, effects, environmental, history, world, power, life, health, The Chernobyl Disaster, Three Mile Island, Nuclear Submarines http://www. pollutionissues. om/Co-Ea/Disasters-Nuclear-Accidents. html#ixzz1Emu1kkxC Major Nuclear Power Plant Accidents December 12, 1952 A partial meltdown of a reactors uranium core at the Chalk River plant near Ottawa, Canada, resulted after the accidental removal of four control rods. Although millions of gallons of radioactive water poured into the reactor, t here were no injuries. October 1957 Fire destroyed the core of a plutonium-producing reactor at Britains Windscale nuclear complex since renamed Sellafield sending clouds of radioactivity into the atmosphere. An official report said the leaked radiation could have caused dozens of cancer deaths in the vicinity of Liverpool. Winter 1957-58 A serious accident occurred during the winter of 1957-58 near the town of Kyshtym in the Urals. A Russian scientist who first reported the disaster estimated that hundreds died from radiation sickness. January 3, 1961 Three technicians died at a U. S. plant in Idaho Falls in an accident at an experimental reactor. July 4, 1961 The captain and seven crew members died when radiation spread through the Soviet Unions first nuclear-powered submarine. A pipe in the control system of one of the two reactors had ruptured. October 5, 1966 The core of an experimental reactor near Detroit, Mich. , melted partially when a sodium cooling system failed. January 21, 1969 A coolant malfunction from an experimental underground reactor at Lucens Vad, Switzerland, releases a large amount of radiation into a cave, which was then sealed. December 7, 1975 At the Lubmin nuclear power complex on the Baltic coast in the former East Germany, a short-circuit caused by an electricians mistake started a fire. Some news reports said there was almost a meltdown of the reactor core. March 28, 1979 Near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Americas worst nuclear accident occurred. A partial meltdown of one of the reactors forced the evacuation of the residents after radioactive gas escaped into the atmosphere. February 11, 1981 Eight workers are contaminated when more than 100,000 gallons of radioactive coolant fluid leaks into the contaminant building of the Tennessee Valley Authoritys Sequoyah 1 plant in Tennessee. April 25, 1981 Officials said around 45 workers were exposed to radioactivity during repairs to a plant at Tsuruga, Japan. April 26, 1986 The worlds worst nuclear accident occurred after an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It released radiation over much of Europe. Thirty-one people died iin the immediate aftermath of the explosion. Hundreds of thousands of residents were moved from the area and a similar number are belived to have suffered from the effects of radiation exposure. March 24, 1992 At the Sosnovy Bor station near St. Petersburg, Russia, radioactive iodine escaped into the atmosphere. A loss of pressure in a reactor channel was the source of the accident. November 1992 In Frances most serious nuclear accident, three workers were contaminated after entering a nuclear particle accelerator in Forbach without protective clothing. Executives were jailed in 1993 for failing to take proper safety measures. November 1995 Japans Monju prototype fast-breeder nuclear reactor leaked two to three tons of sodium from the reactors secondary cooling system. March 1997 The state-run Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation reprocessing plant at Tokaimura, Japan, contaminated at least 35 workers